Improvement in lamps



A.. ALE-RTSON.

Lamp.

Patented Jan. l0, 1871.A

mme?

tttiitt %itttt ettmi @fitte ALBERT ALBERTSON, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

Lettere Patent, Ne. 110,816, atten Jennery 1o, 1871 tntedtteti December so, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT Ailmtrsou, of J er sey City, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain Improvements in Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my improvements is to secure the advantages of a perfect lamp without the aid 'oi' a p chimney.

The great desideratum in all oil-burning lamps is perfect combustion, in order to obtain a white and brilliant flame, without odor or smoke.- -To attain this desirable result the flame requires a continuous and sufciently large supply of atmospheric oxygen to combine with the ,carbon and hydrogen of the oil.

Among the many methods hitherto adopted for this purpose theA most effective is the ordinary glasschimney, which, being placed above and surrounding the fiume, connes the air around the latter until 1t becomes rarctied and loses its oxygen in the Iiame, and ascends rapidly through the chimney, necessarily drawing fresh air to the flame after it.

By ythis process, however, the air, before it reaches the iiame, is more or less heated and rareed by con' tact with the outside of the lamp-burner; the'oxygen is diffused, and less supplied to feed the ilame than if the air were admitted at a cooler temperature and fed to the ame before losing any of its properties esscntial-to combustion.

Itis, therefore, proper, in order to attain such an advantage, that the fresh air should be admitted at a distance below the burner, into suitably-arranged iiues, which will convey it in the form of a rapid current to the llame without loss of oxygen.

rI`he means which have hithertobeen-devised for carrying this principle into effect, consisting of rotary blowers, 86e., have been moreeor less objectionable and defect-ive.

The method I adopt, andwhich constitutes the basis of my invention, is of rarefying the fresh air in heated lues, through which it will then ascend rap,- idly and intact to the Haine.

I am well aware that a method has alreadyheen devised with the intent of accomplishing the same result, consisting in the arrangement of an auxiliary lamp or burner, at.the base of the rarefying cham-Y ber, to rarefy Itheair as quickly as it is admitted through the`surroundingapertures, and thence cause it to how upward to the flame. But in this method the defect is obvious. The auxiliary flame willoppose the purpose of its use by extracting for its own support the' atmospheric oxygen from the air which it is intended should be conveyed, without loss, to the main tlame.

The method involving my-invention overcomes the above-mentioned defect in this, that, instead of an auxiliary lamp, I employ heat-conducting metal in the construction of the rarefying-chambers or ues,

by means of which the heat is conducted to the base ot' such chambers or ues directly from the main flame, thereby heating and rarefying-the air without extracting its combustible properties or permitting the escape thereof until it has reached thtc flame to which it will ow in a rapid current, and 'suifieient in copionsness to generate a white and brilliant light.

Such being the general nature of my invention, I will proceed to describe in detail a lamp involving my invention, and constructed with the view of carrying out, as seems best, the principles on which it rests.

rIhe accompanying drawing represents such a lamp, of which- Figure lis an elevation;

Figure 2, a vertical section;

Figure 3, a top view, deector removed; and

Figure 4, a bottom view.

As the proper heatconducting material, I employ copper in the construction of this lamp, because copper is the only available metal which willl fully answer the purpose, being the best heat-conducting and retaining metal, excepting gold, silver, and platinum.

In the drawing- A represents thc casing or jacket, resting on a suitable base, A', having apertures a, for the admission of fresh air to the interior of the lamp.

The lower half of this casing is cylindrical and the upper halt' conical in form.

Within said casing, and situated in the conical portion thereof, is the wick-holder B, consisting of two concentric cones, between which the wick is contained. The upper end of the wick-holder is open; the lower end is closed, so as to hold oil, which is conveyed thereto from a reservoir, C, surrounding and apart from the upper half of the casing A, by means of a conduit-pipe, c.

The wick b b, consisting of equal halves, which, when lighted, forms a circular orhollow dame, is elevated by means of a pair of ordinary elevating devices b' b', properly arranged, as shown 'in the drawing.

Connected with the lower end of the wick-holder, and extending therefrom to the base of the lamp, is a wall or casing, D, within which andthe wick-holder` is a series of vertical radial wings, E, centering in a hollow column, F, so formed to hold the rod F', supporting a horizontal deliector,l1".

The position of the latter is above the wick-holder, so that as the rareiied air rushes from the lues it will be deecteddirectly into the flame.

lhe purpose of having the iiues and air-passages conical or tapering is that the` rareiied air shall, on principles well known, increase the rapidity of its current as it ascends and cause a better draught.

It should be observed that the air, as it ascends toward the arne, becomes more ral-@tied by the increased heat of the Hue-metal.

H is the handle by which the lamp is carried.

I is the filling-tube of the oil-reservoir.

Inasmuch as this lamp is, from its nature, liable to become very much heated on the outside, rendering it inconvenient to handle, 1 coat or cover the lamp with some noncouducting material; for instance, plaster of Paris, surrounded by a wall of tin, woolencloth, white-lead, or any other equivalent. The handle should also be so covered.

It will be observed that the nir-passages are formed, both inside the casing D and wick-holder B, as well as between them and the casing A, so that the rarefied air passes through the center` of the Hame as well as on the outside.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of 4the tapering jacket A with openings a, hollow tapering wick-case B, and wall D.

when such parts are constructed of heat-conducting,r metal, and so arranged as to form air-rare'yng chambers, to conduct air to the interior and exterior ot' a4 hollow flame, as and for the purpose set forth.

2.. In combination with the elements of first claim, the annular oil-reservoir G, with lling-tube I, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. Coating or covering the outside of lamps, operating with heat-conducting draught-Haes or chambers, as described, with a nou-conducting substance, for the purpose specified.

4. The delector F, and rod F', in combination, with the tapcringjacket A, and hollow tapering wickholdcr B, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination and arraugernentof the jacket A, wick-case B,'wall D, radial wings E,rod F', deiieotor 11"', constructed of heat-conducting metal, and annular oi1-reservoir G, or equivalent,as and for the purpose specified.

A. ALBERTSON.

Witnesses:

T. A. GoNNoLLY, A. A. CoNNoLLY. 

